Swami Muktananda (1908-1982), affectionately known as “Baba” by his followers, was a renowned spiritual teacher and guru who popularized Siddha Yoga. Born Krishna Rai in India, he embarked on a spiritual quest at a young age, ultimately finding his guru in Bhagavan Nityananda.
Muktananda emphasized the awakening of Kundalini energy through meditation, chanting, and other yogic practices. He believed that this inner awakening led to self-realization and the experience of divine consciousness. His teachings drew from various Indian philosophical traditions, including Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
In the 1970s, Muktananda brought Siddha Yoga to the West, attracting a large following through his charismatic personality and emphasis on direct experience of the divine. He conducted intensive meditation retreats and world tours, initiating thousands into Siddha Yoga through Shaktipat, a spiritual transmission believed to awaken Kundalini energy.
Muktananda founded the Siddha Yoga Dham Associates Foundation, which established ashrams and meditation centers globally. He authored several books, including his autobiography, The Play of Consciousness, which detailed his spiritual journey and teachings.
Though revered by many, Muktananda also faced controversy later in his life, with allegations of misconduct and authoritarian leadership. Despite these controversies, his teachings continue to influence many seekers on the path of self-discovery and spiritual awakening.